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موضوع انگلیسی:In the transition to 4th Generation district heating, lower network temperatures are needed to allow
easier integration of renewable energy sources into district heating networks. Many substations in
existing district heating networks do not achieve optimal efficiency, which often corresponds to high
return temperatures. This paper shows approaches to achieve significant improvements with only
limited measurement data required. The excess flow analysis is used to rank substations according to
their contribution to high return temperatures. It was applied for three existing district heating networks
in Germany. In further steps substations were recommended for inspections and faults identified.
Measures for fault elimination were suggested, and the possible return temperature reduction and costs
of the measures estimated. For the network return temperature, a related reduction between 4 and 8 K
was estimated. The costs per substation range from 0.08 to 7.91 V/(MWh∙K) for network return temperature
reduction. Due to low temperature sensitivity most of these costs are too high for implementation
with combined heat and power (CHP) plants, but the continuous integration of more
temperature sensitive technologies such as heat pumps, solar thermal and geothermal energy offer
economic feasibility for a higher quantity of measures.
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